diff --git a/src/actions/__init__.py b/src/actions/__init__.py
index 23a65a80c4baa198215f907419bd3838e80d10ad..4627ed13cecb69fab73a79d42a634c3d014c90ec 100644
--- a/src/actions/__init__.py
+++ b/src/actions/__init__.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from .permissions import *
from .server_management import *
from .stats import *
from .systemctl import *
+from .scp import *
from ..models.crud.server_crud import fn_get_all_chat_ids
diff --git a/src/actions/basic_actions.py b/src/actions/basic_actions.py
index 9b48d46518407851ad96c16c6fa2772e51aa68a6..dcec527dba9e87ebb7057490a18121e62ca4da5b 100644
--- a/src/actions/basic_actions.py
+++ b/src/actions/basic_actions.py
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ from src.models.server import ServerPermissions
from src.settings import settings
from src.utils import chunks
from src.utils.decorators import (
- bot_action
+ bot_action,
+ BotParam
)
from src.utils.server_utils import get_server_by_alias
from src.utils.ssh import run_ssh_command
@@ -30,8 +31,8 @@ async def overall_help(message: Message, state=None):
@bot_action(trigger_str='meme admin exec',
params=[
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
- ('command', r'(.*)')
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
+ BotParam('command', r'(.*)')
])
async def bot_run_code(message: Message, alias: str, command: str, state=None):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message, alias, ServerPermissions.RCE)
diff --git a/src/actions/docker.py b/src/actions/docker.py
index 7dfbb576ae8fc3c6b16db69477fa15ae364dc909..d99fc49b6ea4d7357f5a1b1e2305533e897eb240 100644
--- a/src/actions/docker.py
+++ b/src/actions/docker.py
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ from aiogram.types import Message, ParseMode
from src.models.server import ServerPermissions
from src.utils import chunks
from src.utils.decorators import (
- bot_action
+ bot_action,
+ BotParam
)
from src.utils.server_utils import get_server_by_alias
from src.utils.ssh import run_ssh_command
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ async def overall_help(message: Message, state=None):
@bot_action(r'meme admin docker ls',
params=[
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+')
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+')
])
async def docker_ls(message: Message, alias, state=None):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message, alias, ServerPermissions.DOCKER)
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ async def docker_ls(message: Message, alias, state=None):
@bot_action(r'meme admin docker clean',
params=[
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+')
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+')
])
async def docker_clean(message: Message, alias, state=None):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message, alias, ServerPermissions.DOCKER)
@@ -78,8 +79,8 @@ async def docker_clean(message: Message, alias, state=None):
@bot_action(r'meme admin docker rm',
params=[
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
- ('containers', r'.*')
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
+ BotParam('containers', r'.*')
])
async def docker_rm(message: Message, alias, containers, state=None):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message, alias, ServerPermissions.DOCKER)
@@ -97,8 +98,8 @@ async def docker_rm(message: Message, alias, containers, state=None):
@bot_action(r'meme admin docker stop',
params=[
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
- ('containers', r'.*')
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
+ BotParam('containers', r'.*')
])
async def docker_rm(message: Message, alias, containers, state=None):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message, alias, ServerPermissions.DOCKER)
@@ -116,8 +117,8 @@ async def docker_rm(message: Message, alias, containers, state=None):
@bot_action(r'meme admin docker up',
params=[
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
- ('containers', r'.*')
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
+ BotParam('containers', r'.*')
])
async def docker_rm(message: Message, alias, containers, state=None):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message, alias, ServerPermissions.DOCKER)
diff --git a/src/actions/interactive_session.py b/src/actions/interactive_session.py
index 1110a4482d34130c7d799ae8916442b792a29825..bb1848952b6773b95465c1ddd0775ca12eb77621 100644
--- a/src/actions/interactive_session.py
+++ b/src/actions/interactive_session.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from src.utils.decorators import bot_action
from src.utils.server_utils import get_server_by_alias
from src.utils.ssh import session_manager
-logger = logging.getLogger()
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class UserStates(StatesGroup):
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ async def choose_server(message: Message, state: FSMContext):
async with state.proxy() as current_state:
current_state['server_alias'] = chosen_server.server_alias
current_state['session_id'] = await session_manager.add_connection(chosen_server)
- logger.warning(current_state)
+ logger.warning(current_state['session_id'])
await UserStates.interactive.set()
await message.reply(
f'Interactive session created for {server_alias}.\n'
diff --git a/src/actions/permissions.py b/src/actions/permissions.py
index 5405adb9fcb0b21284446fbbf42858523a2d0e49..2a712822d03bf014c027454d5507d799c613f5b8 100644
--- a/src/actions/permissions.py
+++ b/src/actions/permissions.py
@@ -6,10 +6,13 @@ from src.models.crud.server_crud import fn_update_server
from src.models.server import ServerPermissions
from src.settings import settings
from src.utils.debug_mode import debug_message
-from src.utils.decorators import bot_action
+from src.utils.decorators import (
+ bot_action,
+ BotParam
+)
from src.utils.server_utils import get_server_by_alias
-logger = logging.getLogger()
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@bot_action(r'meme admin permissions( help)?$')
@@ -32,8 +35,8 @@ async def list_permissions(message: Message, state=None):
@bot_action(trigger_str=r'meme admin permissions grant',
params=[
- ('server_alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
- ('permission', r'\w+')
+ BotParam('server_alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
+ BotParam('permission', r'\w+')
])
async def change_permissions(message: Message, server_alias, permission, state=None):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message, server_alias)
diff --git a/src/actions/scp.py b/src/actions/scp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd0f7f9b448c9cda74f4b492f4d72c908b65b4cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actions/scp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import logging
+
+from aiogram.dispatcher import FSMContext
+from aiogram.dispatcher.filters.state import State, StatesGroup, default_state
+from aiogram.types import Message, ParseMode, InputFile, ChatActions, ContentType
+
+from src.models.server import ServerPermissions
+from src.utils.debug_mode import debug_message
+from src.utils.decorators import (
+ bot_action,
+ BotParam
+)
+from src.utils.server_utils import get_server_by_alias
+from src.utils.ssh import download_file, upload_file
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class UploadingStates(StatesGroup):
+ start_uploading = State()
+
+
+@bot_action(r'meme admin scp( help)?$')
+async def scp_help(message: Message, state=None):
+ await message.reply(
+ '```\n'
+ '* upload {alias} {path} {user}?- Upload file on server as a user. '
+ 'If user is null then the file will be uploaded as by root.\n\n'
+ '* download {alias} {file_path} {user}? - Download specific file from server as user.\n'
+ '```',
+ parse_mode=ParseMode.MARKDOWN
+ )
+
+
+@bot_action(r'meme admin scp download',
+ params=[
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
+ BotParam('file_path', r'\.?[\/\w\-\d\.]+'),
+ BotParam('user', r'(\s+)?\.?[\/\w\-\d\.]+', optional=True)
+ ])
+async def download(message: Message, alias, file_path, user: str, state=None):
+ server = await get_server_by_alias(message, alias, ServerPermissions.INFO)
+ await ChatActions.upload_document()
+ user = user.strip() if user else None
+ filename = file_path.split("/")[-1]
+ async with download_file(server, file_path, user) as downloaded_file:
+ await message.reply_document(InputFile(downloaded_file, filename=filename), file_path)
+
+
+@bot_action(r'meme admin scp upload',
+ params=[
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
+ BotParam('file_path', r'\.?[\/\w\-\d\.]+'),
+ BotParam('user', r'(\s+)?\.?[\/\w\-\d\.]+', optional=True)
+ ])
+async def upload_start(message: Message, alias: str, file_path: str, user: str, state: FSMContext):
+ await debug_message(
+ message,
+ '```\n'
+ f'server: {alias}\n'
+ f'file: {file_path}\n'
+ f'user: {user.strip() if user else None}\n'
+ '```'
+ )
+ await get_server_by_alias(message, alias, ServerPermissions.SCP)
+ await UploadingStates.start_uploading.set()
+ async with state.proxy() as current_state:
+ current_state['alias'] = alias
+ current_state['filename'] = file_path
+ current_state['user'] = user.strip() if user else None
+ await message.reply(f"Send a file in this chat to upload file on {alias} server")
+
+
+@bot_action(filter_state=UploadingStates.start_uploading, content_types=ContentType.DOCUMENT)
+async def upload(message: Message, state: FSMContext):
+ async with state.proxy() as current_state:
+ alias = current_state["user"]
+ user = current_state["user"]
+ filename = current_state["filename"]
+ server = await get_server_by_alias(message, current_state['alias'], ServerPermissions.SCP)
+ await default_state.set()
+ if not message.document:
+ await message.reply("This is not a document. Please attach a file.")
+ return
+ await debug_message(
+ message,
+ f'server: {alias}\n'
+ f'filename: {filename}\n'
+ f'user: {user}\n'
+ )
+ async with upload_file(server, message.document, filename, user) as f:
+ await debug_message(message, f"File loaded at {f}")
+ await message.reply("File successfully uploaded")
diff --git a/src/actions/server_management.py b/src/actions/server_management.py
index aaf38eee91956c1ee6053787437256c9b785a730..084505ebd32201c449c315c73cc1ae38b4358617 100644
--- a/src/actions/server_management.py
+++ b/src/actions/server_management.py
@@ -11,10 +11,13 @@ from src.models.crud.server_crud import (
from src.models.server import ServerPermissions, Server
from src.settings import settings
from src.utils.debug_mode import debug_message
-from src.utils.decorators import bot_action
+from src.utils.decorators import (
+ bot_action,
+ BotParam
+)
from src.utils.server_utils import get_server_by_alias
-logger = logging.getLogger()
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@bot_action(f'meme admin servers( help)?$')
@@ -32,8 +35,8 @@ async def servers_help(message: Message, state=None):
@bot_action(trigger_str=r'meme admin servers add',
params=[
- ('address', r'\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}(\:(?P<port>\d+))?'),
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+')
+ BotParam('address', r'\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}(\:(?P<port>\d+))?'),
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+')
])
async def add_server(message: Message, address, alias, port, state=None):
await debug_message(message,
@@ -61,8 +64,8 @@ async def add_server(message: Message, address, alias, port, state=None):
@bot_action(trigger_str=r'meme admin servers rename',
params=[
- ('old_alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
- ('new_alias', r'[\w\d]+')
+ BotParam('old_alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
+ BotParam('new_alias', r'[\w\d]+')
])
async def rename_server(message: Message, old_alias, new_alias, state=None):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message, old_alias)
@@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ async def rename_server(message: Message, old_alias, new_alias, state=None):
@bot_action(trigger_str=r'meme admin servers delete',
params=[
- ('server_alias', r'[\w\d]+')
+ BotParam('server_alias', r'[\w\d]+')
])
async def delete_server(message: Message, server_alias, state=None):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message, server_alias)
diff --git a/src/actions/stats.py b/src/actions/stats.py
index 0f9226ccf62db218fd95b65f4543eb43002b0bb4..94a38b650b7502d78be2a8990ff1f5d6e9bec22e 100644
--- a/src/actions/stats.py
+++ b/src/actions/stats.py
@@ -3,11 +3,14 @@ import logging
from aiogram.types import Message, ParseMode
from src.utils.debug_mode import debug_message
-from src.utils.decorators import bot_action
+from src.utils.decorators import (
+ bot_action,
+ BotParam
+)
from src.utils.server_utils import get_server_by_alias
from src.utils.ssh import run_ssh_command
-logger = logging.getLogger()
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@bot_action(r'meme admin stats( help)?$')
@@ -24,7 +27,7 @@ async def overall_help(message: Message, state=None):
@bot_action(r'meme admin stats cpu',
params=[
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+')
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+')
])
async def cpu_usage(message: Message, alias: str, state=None):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message, alias)
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ async def cpu_usage(message: Message, alias: str, state=None):
@bot_action(r'meme admin stats ram',
params=[
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+')
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+')
])
async def ram_usage(message: Message, alias: str, state=None):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message, alias)
@@ -94,7 +97,7 @@ async def ram_usage(message: Message, alias: str, state=None):
@bot_action(r'meme admin stats mem',
params=[
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+')
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+')
])
async def mem(message: Message, alias: str, state=None):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message, alias)
diff --git a/src/actions/systemctl.py b/src/actions/systemctl.py
index 8a922405136dfe1dedc2b84aa89c7bb16c4c9518..14dc904de7425595efe6b4c4c2759e7f95cde909 100644
--- a/src/actions/systemctl.py
+++ b/src/actions/systemctl.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ from aiogram.types import Message, ParseMode
from src.models.server import ServerPermissions
from src.utils.debug_mode import debug_message
from src.utils.decorators import (
- bot_action
+ bot_action,
+ BotParam
)
from src.utils.server_utils import get_server_by_alias
from src.utils.ssh import run_ssh_command
@@ -30,8 +31,8 @@ async def overall_help(message: Message, state=None):
@bot_action(r'meme admin sys stats',
params=[
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
- ('service', r'[\w\d]+\.service')
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
+ BotParam('service', r'[\w\d]+\.service')
])
async def status(message: Message, alias, service, state):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message,
@@ -57,8 +58,8 @@ async def status(message: Message, alias, service, state):
@bot_action(r'meme admin sys start',
params=[
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
- ('service', r'[\w\d]+\.service')
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
+ BotParam('service', r'[\w\d]+\.service')
])
async def start(message: Message, alias, service, state):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message,
@@ -70,8 +71,8 @@ async def start(message: Message, alias, service, state):
@bot_action(r'meme admin sys stop',
params=[
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
- ('service', r'[\w\d]+\.service')
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
+ BotParam('service', r'[\w\d]+\.service')
])
async def stop(message: Message, alias, service, state):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message,
@@ -83,8 +84,8 @@ async def stop(message: Message, alias, service, state):
@bot_action(r'meme admin sys restart',
params=[
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
- ('service', r'[\w\d]+\.service')
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
+ BotParam('service', r'[\w\d]+\.service')
])
async def restart(message: Message, alias, service, state):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message,
@@ -96,8 +97,8 @@ async def restart(message: Message, alias, service, state):
@bot_action(r'meme admin sys cat',
params=[
- ('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
- ('service', r'[\w\d]+\.service')
+ BotParam('alias', r'[\w\d]+'),
+ BotParam('service', r'[\w\d]+\.service')
])
async def cat(message: Message, alias, service, state):
server = await get_server_by_alias(message,
diff --git a/src/models/server.py b/src/models/server.py
index b00699b76b352d662b48afcb358cb2b21a541479..370afec4f84857bb5de2cb72ba556426c6b92684 100644
--- a/src/models/server.py
+++ b/src/models/server.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from src.utils.enum_utils import AutoEnum
class ServerPermissions(AutoEnum):
INFO = "Users can read server info"
+ SCP = "Users can download and upload files to server"
DOCKER = "Users can manage docker daemon"
SERVICES = "Users can manage systemctl services"
RCE = "Users can execute remote commands on this server"
diff --git a/src/utils/debug_mode.py b/src/utils/debug_mode.py
index 6422a73bb01074d6f6b67f75a23f7bc01785d7d9..8855a36adfbb57f4cea0a6b0debaa4429d0a3316 100644
--- a/src/utils/debug_mode.py
+++ b/src/utils/debug_mode.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from aiogram.types import Message, ParseMode
from src.settings import settings
-logger = logging.getLogger()
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
async def debug_message(message: Message, text: str):
diff --git a/src/utils/decorators.py b/src/utils/decorators.py
index c106b1129aefbd0c2191aade62f2280f747f270e..40849e511c78ebbe674057b7e6f31f606f736ba1 100644
--- a/src/utils/decorators.py
+++ b/src/utils/decorators.py
@@ -8,7 +8,19 @@ from aiogram.types import Message, ParseMode, ReplyKeyboardRemove
from src.settings import settings
-logger = logging.getLogger()
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class BotParam(object):
+ def __init__(self, name, regex, optional=False):
+ self.name = name
+ self.regex = regex
+ self.optional = optional
+
+ def get_regex(self):
+ option = "?" if self.optional else ""
+ sep = "" if self.optional else " "
+ return f"{sep}(?P<{self.name}>{self.regex}){option}"
def cool_response_exception(f: Callable):
@@ -34,7 +46,8 @@ def cool_response_exception(f: Callable):
return decorated_func
-def bot_action(trigger_str: str = None, params: List[Tuple] = None, filter_state: State = None) -> Callable:
+def bot_action(trigger_str: str = None, params: List[Tuple] = None, filter_state: State = None,
+ content_types=None) -> Callable:
"""
Mark function as bot message handler.
params -> is just an array of tuples.
@@ -44,15 +57,18 @@ def bot_action(trigger_str: str = None, params: List[Tuple] = None, filter_state
:param trigger_str: message that triggers bot
:param params: parameters in message
:param filter_state: trigger state if you use Finite State Machine mechanism
+ :param content_types: Which content type bot is waiting for
:return: decorator
"""
def decor(f: Callable):
- regexp_params = ' '.join([f'(?P<{name}>{pattern})' for name, pattern in params]) if params else ''
- filter_regexp = f'^{trigger_str} {regexp_params}'.strip()
+ regexp_params = ''.join(map(lambda x: x.get_regex(), params)) if params else ''
+ filter_regexp = f'^{trigger_str}{regexp_params}'.strip()
@wraps(f)
- @settings.dispatcher.message_handler(regexp=filter_regexp if trigger_str else None, state=filter_state)
+ @settings.dispatcher.message_handler(regexp=filter_regexp if trigger_str else None,
+ state=filter_state,
+ content_types=content_types)
@cool_response_exception
async def modified_function(message: Message, state=None):
additional_values = {}
diff --git a/src/utils/ssh.py b/src/utils/ssh.py
index 7452cbc280354754f53c4104a3fe827a05e989fd..b02f219f544b26d7074d28f03d5db4ee62a90663 100644
--- a/src/utils/ssh.py
+++ b/src/utils/ssh.py
@@ -1,27 +1,42 @@
import asyncio
import logging
+import os
import uuid
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
import asyncssh
+from aiogram.types import Document
from src.models import Server
-logger = logging.getLogger()
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
async def open_ssh_session(server: Server) -> asyncssh.SSHClientProcess:
+ """
+ Open bash process over ssh.
+
+ :param server: server where pipe needs to be opened
+ :return: opened process
+ """
connection = await asyncssh.connect(server.server_address, server.server_port, known_hosts=None)
process = await connection.create_process('/bin/bash')
return process
async def collect_output(out_pipe, timeout):
+ """
+ Collect output from command.
+ output will be collected from out_pipe.
+
+ :param out_pipe: async io channel
+ :param timeout: timeout to read from channel
+ :return:
+ """
res = []
try:
line = await asyncio.wait_for(out_pipe.readline(), timeout)
- res.append(line)
while line:
- logger.info(line)
res.append(await asyncio.wait_for(out_pipe.readline(), timeout))
except asyncio.exceptions.TimeoutError:
return ''.join(res).strip()
@@ -31,34 +46,110 @@ async def collect_output(out_pipe, timeout):
async def run_interactive_command(command: str,
process: asyncssh.SSHClientProcess,
timeout=0.5) -> str:
+ """
+ Run command on running ssh session.
+ Command will be executed on server with provided process.
+ Timeout used to collect output from commands.
+
+ :param command: command yo execute
+ :param process: where ot execute
+ :param timeout: receiving timeout
+ :return:stdout or stderr as exception
+ """
process.stdin.write(command + '\n')
stdout = await collect_output(process.stdout, timeout)
stderr = await collect_output(process.stderr, timeout)
- logger.debug(f"STDOUT: {stdout}")
- logger.debug(f"STDERR: {stderr}")
if stderr:
raise Exception(stderr)
return stdout
async def run_ssh_command(server: Server, command: str) -> str:
+ """
+ Run command on remote server.
+ Passed command will be executed as root.
+
+ :param server: remote server
+ :param command: command to execute
+ :return: output.
+ """
process = await open_ssh_session(server)
res = await run_interactive_command(command, process)
process.close()
return res
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def download_file(server: Server, file_path: str, username: str) -> str:
+ """
+ Download file from server and store it as random file in tmp.
+ When context is over, than it will remove file from tmp.
+
+ :param server: remote server.
+ :param file_path: file path on remote server
+ :param username: as who you want to log in
+ :return: path to downloaded file
+ """
+ load_path = f'/tmp/{uuid.uuid4()}'
+ async with asyncssh.connect(server.server_address,
+ server.server_port,
+ known_hosts=None,
+ username=username) as conn:
+ await asyncssh.scp((conn, file_path), load_path)
+ yield load_path
+ os.remove(load_path)
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def upload_file(server: Server, document: Document, file_path: str, username: str):
+ """
+ Upload message document to a server.
+
+ :param server: server where to upload
+ :param document: amessage attached document
+ :param file_path: remote file path to store file
+ :param username: user to login as
+ :return:
+ """
+ load_path = f'/tmp/{uuid.uuid4()}'
+ await document.download(load_path)
+ async with asyncssh.connect(server.server_address,
+ server.server_port,
+ known_hosts=None,
+ username=username) as conn:
+ await asyncssh.scp(load_path, (conn, file_path))
+ yield load_path
+ os.remove(load_path)
+
+
class SessionManager(object):
+ """
+ Class to manage all connection to other servers over ssh.
+ """
def __init__(self):
self.__connections = dict()
async def add_connection(self, server: Server) -> str:
+ """
+ Add connection some server and assign uuid to it.
+ This method will open chanel and return uuid of session.
+
+ :param server: server to open connection at
+ :return: valid uuid4 string
+ """
rand_uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
session = await open_ssh_session(server)
self.__connections[rand_uuid] = session
return rand_uuid
async def run_command(self, connection_id: str, command: str):
+ """
+ Run command in opened session by id.
+
+ :param connection_id: valid uuid of opened session
+ :param command: command to run over ssh
+ :return: command output
+ """
return await run_interactive_command(command, self.__connections[connection_id])
def close(self, connection_id: str):